Embedding aligned nanofibrous architectures within 3D-printed polycaprolactone scaffolds for directed cellular infiltration and tissue regeneration

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing provides a promising way to fabricate biodegradable scaffolds with designer architectures for the regeneration of various tissues. However, existing 3D-printed commonly suffer from weak cell-scaffold interactions and insufficient cell organizations due limited resolution features. Here, composite mechanically-robust frameworks aligned nanofibrous are presented hybrid manufactured by combining techniques 3D printing, electrospinning, unidirectional freeze-casting. It was found that provided volume-stable environments enabled directed cellular infiltration tissue regeneration. In particular, micropores served as artificial extracellular matrix materials improved attachment, proliferation, cells. The proposed can also support adipogenic maturation adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro . Moreover, were guide promote nearby neovascularization when implanted into subcutaneous model rats, addition ADSCs further enhanced their potential. manufacturing strategy might provide produce additional topological cues within better